The ancients, in calling this passion choler, attributed it to the agitation of the bile, [here, a word in Greek in the text that I can not reproduce]; hence they called it bilious passion,--and no doubt bilious temperaments are more exposed to its influence than any other. The sanguineous it is true, are susceptible of violent fits of anger, described by Horace as the ira furor brevis, but the malevolent, the vindictive anger, is more observable in the bilious and the nervous, for they are more likely to be influenced by nervous excitability."
"Anger will vary in its symtoms according to our temperaments. Thus we may observe what is called red anger, and pale anger. The first is of a violent and explosive nature; it generally affects the sanguineous: the circulation of the blood is accelerated--the breathing is difficult and panting--the features flushed--the swollen veins are visibly enlarged under the integuments--the eyes flash fire: and become injected with blood--the lips, contracted, expose the teeth--the voice becomes hoarse--the hearing difficult--foam will occasionally issue from the mouth; in short, the features assume the character of mania, arising evidently from a congestion of blood on the brain; and under the violence of the paroxysm the angry man will know no restraint, and is indeed, for the time being, a maniac, indiscriminate in his fury, and perfectly uncontrollable. Such was the case of Charles VI of France, who, being violently incensed against the Duke of Bretagne, and burning with a spirit of malice and revenge, could neither eat, drink, nor sleep, for many days and nights, and at length became furiously mad; as he was riding on horse-back, drawing his sword, and striking promiscuously every one who approached him.
During this paroxysm of anger, the violence of an infuriated man is such that he will break and [p. 327] and destroy every thing about him."
"In pale anger, the liver, the digestive organs are more engaged, and jaundice, inflammation of the liver, bilious dejections are frequently ushered in. In this anger, the circulation is languid, the pulse small and irregular, the breathing short and oppressed, a cold perspiration oozes from every pore, the teeth are locked or chattering, the eyes fixed and glassy, the features pale and contracted, a general tremour shakes the whole frame, and the individual sufferer--for such he is--appears over-whelmed by the exaltation of his passion; he can articulate a word, s ammers his execrations, and seems to seek for language sufficiently energetic and bitter to express his wrath; his counte- [p. 329] nance is so altered by the violence of his emotions, that he is scarcely recognisable. Milton has powerfully described this physiognomic change in the unruly fermentation of the mind:
'Thus while he spake, each passion dimm'd his face,
Thrice chang'd with pale ire, envy, and despair;
Which marr'd his borrow'd visage, and betray'd
Him counterfeit.'
What a description of a of a detected hypocrite! Thomson has also depicted this condition in vivid colours:
'Senseless and deformed,
Convulsive Anger storms at large, or pale
And silent, settles into fell revenge.'"
MILLIGEN, John Gideon, 1782-1862, The Passions or, Mind and Matter illustrated by Considerations on Hereditary Insanity
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