Turret catapults seem to have fell out of favor after a brief bit of popularity in the 1930s. Every major Navy except the Italians used them on some ships but I think all were gone by 1942 except for the US Arkansas, Texas and New York. IJN Fuso, German Scharnhorst class, French La Gallissonniare class, HMS Rodney, HMS Barham and a couple of the "R" class all had a turret catapult at one time.
Arkansas and Texas removed theirs for the D-Day landings then had them put back on before going to the Pacific. I suppose navies were concerned that the catapult might foul the turret if damaged.