
The Taiwan Straight is 180k wide, narrowest is 130k but is it there beach worthy? China would first need to secure the Penghu Islands, Taiwan's sentinel, and the defences there would cause a dent. Then it would have to secure a Formosan beach and when was the last time China stormed the beaches? If they did manage to secure a beach head for an invasion to succeed, they would need to land thousands and thousands of troops! How are they going to supply them? What is their experience of mass logistical supply?
When the Allies landed in Normandy in '44 they initially needed 6,000 tons per day quickly rising to 20k per day with no ports, and with a comparable distance of supply back to Britain that Taiwan is to the mainland. The Normandy landing was opposed by basic troops and came close to failing. Are the Taiwanese going to field basic troops? And then there was the Mulberry storm.
The Typhoon season for Taiwan is from May to November and so realistically there is the chance of a cyclonic storm easily destroying supply and creating havoc from April to December (safety factor), which would leave only 3 or 4 months to conquer an extremely large land mass defended by a capable military and overall, it would be the first time ever such a massive military undertaking had been carried out by the PLAN within an extremely critically limited time frame.
Three and a half years ago or so all of us were convinced the Russian military was going to roll across a shared land border and crush Ukraine within one or two weeks. And so, China is going to succeed in a sea borne invasion over a distance 130/180 km of open sea within four months? I wonder who the Chi-Com general/admiral is who is going to get this command? Lucky guy.
You have your reasons for an argument that in 2027 or thereabouts (Xi's D-Day) we may well be at war over Taiwan which is fine, you have your view and perhaps Xi will justify it all and have an aggressive go. I think though that there are others in the leadership who are sceptical, very wary and, do have influence. Putin has failed miserably and the only way he can escape from the mess he has caused in the slightest is for at least all of the Donbas and many other concessions be ceded to him and if so, even then his short term existence will be in doubt and I think that is clear to most if not all, including the CPC.
If China fails to conquer Taiwan quickly anything could happen, and that can only mean disaster for Xi and the party. I'll think they'll just wait Taiwan out, they'll add constant pressure but the only outcome for the future and longevity of the CPC is a bloodless submission of Taiwan into the fold. That too would be a disaster for the Western Pacific region, but at least there would be no killing and the world's stock market's wouldn't suffer as much.
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Kim's stated reason for nukes is to preserve his regime. Which is actually reasonable. I don't recall the exact quote, but it has been said the US does not treat nuclear armed nations it disagrees with the same as non nuclear armed ones. Kim states worry over South Korea, with US backing, overthrowing his regime. And I agree that he realizes he can be nuked in return. What I don't know is what (outside of direct South Korean invasion) Kim would interpret as a threat to his regime. Nor do I know his reaction to a nuclear exchange between the US and China happening on his doorstep. Would he consider that a prelude to US invasion and decide to prempt? How allied to China is he? (I suspect not actually in any really friendly way. Geography has forced him to cooperate.)
I completely disagree with your certainty that "There is no way China could ever successfully complete an invasion of Formosa across the Taiwan Straight." We have wargammed a healthy number of scenarios, and China has won more than a few. I am sure that in their own wargames, China has won quite a few more. Nothing about war is predictable. If China feels confident enough at all at any point, your "certainty" means nothing. There were voices within Japan that warned of disaster in a long term war with the US. They were drowned out at the political level, and Yammamoto hoped he would strike enough of an opening blow that it would not be a long term war. If China decides to attack (however irrational that may seem to you) and the US decides to respond, then two nuclear armed powers are in open war with each other. The possibilities for misinterpretations and accidental nuclear engagement alone are several, and escalation of any sort is a monster which drives itself. Leaders often feel they have "no choice" but to keep escalating once it starts. Some movies show sanity prevailing at the last second. Others are darker. Both are valid outcomes.
My study of history is not optimistic about the nature of my species. Our capacity for war is intense, and once two big powers wind up and go at it "all bets are off." I don't see many "happy endings." There are indeed a few. They are outnumbered.
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If Kim Jong Un initiates war or conflict with anyone his dynasty will not survive no matter what the outcome and anyway, It would be absolutely impossible for Nth Korea's pop of 27m to forcibly subjugate the south's 57m, not even in George Orwell's dreams. I certainly have no idea what Kim's short term goals are but I am pretty sure in the long run he doesn't want to go down in history as the very last of his dynasty, and he well knows if he mucks up what's been handed to him on a silver platter with all the trappings he'll end up dead and forever humiliated, and probably his entire family also.
Same is true for Xi. There is no way China could ever successfully complete an invasion of Formosa across the Taiwan Straight, and if Xi foolishly attempts it will mean the end of him personally and Mao's party.
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H I Sutton, Covert Shores, is a decent authoritative source. He finds it "credible." Its construction has actually been observed for a while:
https://www.hisutton.com/DPRK-SSN-Update.html
It is one thing to have one. Quite another to operate it. This is infancy if not a fake. One more step to making the region the most obvious flashpoint for the world's next serious global conflict, and one more indication to me that this one will likely end us as the globally interactive species we currently are. Survivors will be returned to isolated pockets like the stone age.
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Image to me is clay mockup or AI. Do you believe it is the actual vessel?
https://apnews.com/article/north-korea-kim-nuclear-submarine-trump-042354b0b38bb429f937a4ecb7f70df2
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