If I'm understanding correctly, the male gunman in the shooting out West (San Bernardino) put a passcode on his Apple iPhone 5c. The data stored in the memory must be encrypted (I'm pretty sure you could figure out that part from trying to read it without using the passcode). Only the passcode would give someone access to the decryption key, but you'd have to know the passcode in 10 guesses or less. Otherwise, the encryption key is destroyed, and the data would take a lot of time and money to recover.
I supposedly majored in network security (maybe I should be more confident in that?). My understanding of encryption is that a "key" on a digital system refers to a really long number (only 0s and 1s, which is how a computer understands information). There's two-key encryption ("asymmetric"), but that usually applies to sending data over a network link. This sounds like the data never left the phone, so you'd only need one secret key ("symmetric" encryption) that's known to the phone's hardware, but nobody else. In computer language, the number would be 256 digits. I used the Windows calculator program to translate that into our number system, and it would still be a massive number (up to 78 digits long).
So, the question is how you make use of that key if it's a secret. I forget some of the math, and it's probably too boring to explain to non-technical people. Basically, if you've ever seen a puzzle book where words are spelled wrong, that's the goal. Maybe every "T" looks like a "Q" instead. You need to go a step further, though. Like, if I wanted to say "The Cat in the Hat," then it would be risky for "The" or even "at" to look like the same garbled text. There's something extra that happens where even more bits are added to the key, or part of the key changes as each letter or word is encrypted, so that you wouldn't be able to detect a pattern.
If you can follow that far, here's what I read about how an iPhone does all of that. The "key" is a physical silicon chip with fuses. I'd guess that a fuse with a gap is "0," and a fuse that's filled in is a "1"? To get at that chip, you would need to carefully take the whole phone apart, remove the lamination, and even then, these chips are so small that only an electron microscope can look at the fuses (however much those cost, or if it's easy to buy one). Even after that, I think you still need to analyze the encrypted data to find out how the letters were scrambled. One article I read said all you'd need are about $250,000 worth of powerful graphics cards connected in a cluster.
In other words, it's apparently possible to find out the key through these other physical or expensive methods. For the people who realize how all of that works, they seem to be asking why the FBI wants a software solution instead. I got a chance to learn programming concepts in college, and wrote a few programs. I definitely didn't write something as complex as an operating system (which usually takes several people working as a team). What I do know is, even when you write your own code, you're trying to decide what's "public" or "private." There's a concept of variables that might be storing numbers. You don't want to give another programmer a way to mess with those variables, so they would be "private." The only way to change a variable would be a write a function, and set the function to "public."
Basically, however Apple uses that key (called a "unique ID/UID"), I wouldn't even think there's software code to directly read it, or a public function that could tell you the key. That would be too much of a security risk. If the government or FBI get them to somehow write that piece of software, how would they know if it was going to stay with them, and then be destroyed, or "leaked" somewhere on the Internet? At a minimum, I would hope that the UID (since it's called a UNIQUE ID) really is different for every iPhone. You just couldn't ever write the software to access that UID in an insecure way.
I hope most of that makes sense. With "terrorism" in general, I wonder if the government lets it happen on purpose, to have more police watching everyone. I have police in my family. That's also kind of saying that there are enough of them to watch everyone 24/7, or that they'd be pawns on purpose in a "police state."
I understand why things should be private and encrypted. Think of all the "free" services on the web, though. Facebook only lets you have a "free" account because they can show ads or learn more things about everyone that might be valuable to other companies. Why do they keep asking me to finish adding private information to my profile? Google is kind of the same. I mostly use Bing and DuckDuckGo as search engines, but Gmail is one of my main e-mail providers.
With the Bible and "religion," there are passages about how things you've whispered in private will eventually come out and be broadcast from the top of a roof. I would just question when that might happen, and if there's a live audience to make it more embarrassing. I'm not sure what people could find out about me from the breadcrumbs I leave (renting "Tron" and "Tron: Legacy" from iTunes, not owning a smartphone yet ...).
It's definitely a strange world. I'm even bothered by the idea of "Wi-Fi," because it would be like setting up your own radio station. Not exactly, because most of those networks are encrypted (different from unencrypted FM stations that tune in for anyone within range who has the right antenna and receiver). You can set up a Linux machine with a wireless card, or an RF scanner, and just "listen" to everything that's going through the air in your neighborhood without anybody knowing, because you didn't attempt to contact their network. E-mail is mostly sent as regular text, like a postcard with no envelope.
Well, I have to see about dinner. It's just strange trying to figure out the government's motivation and these wars between government and business.
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WWE 2K18 ROSTER & MATCH TYPES | ||||
If you see multiple of the same name, it just means different versions that can be in the ring together. Names highlighted in blue are Cruiserweights | ||||
1 Up Man Adam Cole Aerostar Aiden English AJ Styles Akam Akira Tozawa Albert Aleister Black Alexander Wolfe Andrade "Cien" Almas Andre The Giant Angelo Dawkins Animal Apollo Crews Ariya Daivari Arnold T101 Austin Aries B Brian Blair Bam Bam Bigelow Baron Corbin Barron Blade Batista '10 Beautiful Bobby Eaton Big Boss Man '91 Big Boss Man '99 Big Cass Big E Big Show Big Show '00 Bo Dallas Bobby Fish Bobby Roode Booker T Braun Strowman Bray Wyatt Bret Hart '97 Bret Hart '98 Brian Kendrick British Bulldog Brock Lesnar Brutus Beefcake Bryan Danielson Buddy Roberts Butch Cactus Jack '92 Cactus Jack '98 Captain Jobber Cedric Alexander Cesaro Chad Gable Chris Jericho |
Chris Jericho '00 Christian Col Sanders Cole Quinn Curt Hawkins Curtis Axel Daniel Bryan Dark Link Darren Young Dash Wilder DDP '92 DDP '98 Dean Ambrose Dennis Condrey Diesel Doc Louis Dolph Ziggler Donatello Drago Drew Gulak Drew McIntyre Dude Love Dusty Rhodes Earthquake Eddie Guerrero Edge El Mago Elias Enzo Amore Epico Colon Eric Young Erick Rowan Fandango Finn Balor Finn Balor Demon The Godfather Goldberg Goldust Gorgeous George Gran Metalik Greg Valentine Hawk Heath Slater Hideo Itami Hurricane Jack Gallagher Jake Roberts Jason Jordan JBL Jeff Hardy Jey Uso Jim Brunzell |
Jim Neidhart Jimmy Garvin Jimmy Uso Jinder Mahal John Cena John Cena '06 John Cena '10 Johnny Gargano The Joker Kalisto Kane Kane '98 Karl Anderson Kassius Ohno Kerry Von Erich Kevin Nash Kevin Owens Kevin Von Erich Killian Dain King Cuerno King Feck Kofi Kingston Konnor Kurt Angle '01 Kurt Angle '06 Kyle O'Reilly Larry Zbysko Lars Sullivan Leonardo Lex Luger Lince Dorado Link Little Mac Luigi Luke Luke Gallows Luke Harper Mankind Mario Mark Henry Matt Hardy Michael Hayes Michaelangelo The Miz Mojo Rawley Montez Ford Mortis Mr.205 Live Mr. McMahon Mr. Perfect Mustafa Ali Necroplasm |
Neville Nick Miller No Way Jose Noam Dar Noob Saibot Oney Locan Optimus Prime Otis Dozovic Papa Shango Pentagon Jr Pete Dunne Primo Colon Prince Puma R-Truth Randy Orton Randy Savage Raphael Razor Ramon Reptile Retro Rick Rey Fenix Rey Mysterio Rezar Rhyno Ric Flair '88 Ric Flair '91 Rich Swann Rick Martel Rick Rude Ricky Morton Ricky Steamboat '91 Ricky Steamboat '94 Rikishi Rob Van Dam '06 Robert Gibson The Rock The Rock '01 Roddy Piper Roderick Strong Roman Reigns Rusev Sami Zayn Samoa Joe Sawyer Fulton Scorpion Scott Dawson Scott Hall Seth Rollins Shane McMahon Shane Thorne Shao Khan Shawn Michaels '97 |
Shawn Michaels '98 Sheamus Shelton Benjamin Shinsuke Nakamura Sin Cara Snoop Dogg Stan Lane Starman Steve Austin '97 Sting Sting '88 Sting '91 Sting '98 Sting '99 Stormtrooper Stunning Steve Austin Subzero MKX Superman Sycho Sid Tatanka Tatsumi Fujinami Ted DiBiase TehJew22 Titus O'Neil TJP Tommaso Ciampa Tony Nese Triple H Triple H '01 Triple H '98 Tucker Knight Tye Dillinger Tyler Bate Tyler Breeze Typhoon Tyson Kidd Ultimate Warrior Ultimo Dragon Undertaker (Classic) The Undertaker Undertaker '00 Vader Vampiro Velveteen Dream Venom Viktor Voltron Waluigi Wario William Regal Xavier Woods Zack Ryder |
WOMEN | ||||
Alexa Bliss Alicia Fox Alundra Blayze Asuka Bayley Becky Lynch Beth Phoenix Bianca Belair Billie Kay Brie Bella Cammy Carmella Charlotte Chun Li Dana Brooke Ember Moon Emma Ivelise Velez |
Ivory Jacqueline Jade Kairi Sane Kharma Kitana Lana Lita Liv Morgan Mandy Rose Mariposa Maryse Mickie James Mileena Naomi Natalya Nia Jax |
Nikki Bella Nikki Cross Paige Peyton Royce Ronda Rousey Ruby Riot Sarah Logan Sasha Banks Sexy Star Shayna Baszler Sonya Blade Sonya Deville Stephanie McMahon Summer Rae Tamina Taya Valkyrie Trish Stratus Wii Fit Trainer | ||
VALETS & MANAGERS Anyone above can be a "manager" plus... | ||||
Bobby Heenan Lana |
Mr. McMahon Paul Ellering Paul Heyman |
Stephanie McMahon Ted DiBiase | ||
MATCH TYPES | ||||
*** ONE ON ONE *** Normal |
*** TRIPLE THREAT *** Normal |
*** FATAL 4 WAY *** Normal |
*** TWO ON TWO *** Normal *** 8-MAN *** Tag Team |
*** 6-MAN *** Tag Team *** HANDICAP *** One on Two Tag |
MATCH MODIFIERS | ||||
Pin & Submission Both, Pin, Submit, Off 2 Out of 3 Falls Iron Man |
Over the Top Rope On, Off K.O. Last Man Standing |
Perform Finisher to Win On, Off First Blood Climb out of Cage (Cage Match Only) DQ |
Rope Break (Automatic) On, Off Ring Out Elimination |
Falls Count Anywhere On, Off Time Limit Entrance Interval (Chamber/Rumble) |
SUPER SMASH BROS. ROSTER & SETTINGS | |||
Akira Alph Austin Powers Bayonetta Bob Ross Bowser Bowser Jr Burger King Captain Falcon Charizard Charlie Brown Chuck Norris Cloud Col Sanders Corrin Dark Pit Diddy Kong Donkey Kong Dr. Mario Dracula Drew Carey |
Duck Hunt Dumbledore Falco Fox Ganondorf Greninja Iggy Jr Ike Jacky Jigglypuff Joker King Dedede Kirby Larry Jr Lemmy Jr Link Little Mac Lucario Lucas Lucina Lucy Ludwig Jr |
Luigi Majora Mario Marth Mega Man Meta Knight Mewtwo Morton Jr Mr. Game & Watch Mr. Miyagi Ness Olimar Pac-Man Palutena Peach Peppermint Patty Pikachu Pit Popeye R.O.B. Retro Rick Robin |
Rosalina & Luma Roy Roy Jr Ryu Samus Sheik Shulk Snoop Dog Sonic Steve Urkel TehJew22 Toon Link Villager Wario Weird Al Wendy Jr Wii Fit Trainer Yoshi Zelda Zero Zerosuit Samus |
BATTLE TYPES TIME BATTLE: All characters battle for a set amount of time scoring one point per KO and LOSING one point each time they are KO'ed. STOCK BATTLE: All characters have a set number of lives and when they run out, they're done. When combined with a time limit whomever has more lives left when time runs out wins. COIN BATTLE: For 2-4 characters ONLY! Coins are knocked out of characters as they battle. After a fixed time limit whomever has the most coins wins. SETTINGS TIME LIMIT: Can be from 1 to 15 minutes. |